Heifer feed is specifically formulated to support the growth and development of young female cattle (heifers) from weaning until they are ready to join the breeding or milking herd. Proper nutrition during this stage is essential to ensure they reach optimal weight, size, and reproductive maturity without excessive fat deposition.

Key Goals of Heifer Feed

1. Steady Growth: Achieve target growth rates without over-conditioning (excessive fat).
2. Bone and Skeletal Development: Support strong bone structure for future calving and milking.
3. Reproductive Readiness: Provide adequate nutrition to prepare for breeding at 12–15 months of age.

Nutritional Composition of Heifer Feed

• Crude Protein: 13–16% to support muscle development and maintenance.
• Energy: Moderate energy levels from grains (e.g., corn, barley) to sustain steady growth without fattening.
• Fiber: High fiber from forages (e.g., hay, silage) to promote proper rumen development and digestion.
• Vitamins and Minerals:
  • Calcium and Phosphorus: Essential for bone development.
  • Trace Minerals: Zinc, copper, and manganese for immune function and growth.
  • Vitamins A, D, and E: Support overall health and reproduction.
• Additives (Optional): Ionophores (e.g., monensin) to improve feed efficiency and control bloat or coccidiosis.

Common Ingredients in Heifer Feed

1. Forages: Alfalfa hay, grass hay, or corn silage for fiber and rumen health.
2. Grains: Corn, oats, barley, or sorghum for energy.
3. Protein Sources: Soybean meal, cottonseed meal, or distillers’ grains for protein.
4. Mineral Supplements: Calcium carbonate, dicalcium phosphate, and trace mineral premixes.
5. Additives: Salt, molasses (for palatability), and probiotics.

Feeding Management

1. Age-Based Feeding:

   • Weaned Heifers (3–6 months): High-quality starter or grower feed with 16–18% protein.
   • Growing Heifers (6–12 months): Transition to lower protein (14–16%) with adequate forages.
   • Breeding Heifers (12–15 months): Focus on maintaining weight and skeletal strength, aiming for 60–65% of mature body weight.

2. Feed Quantity:

   • Balanced ration of 2–2.5% of body weight daily (dry matter basis).
   • Monitor body condition to avoid underfeeding or overfeeding.

3. Water Access: Provide clean and fresh water at all times.